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Controlling Diabetes

Diabetes affects 7% of the population of the United States, or 20.8 million people. Of this group only 14.6 million have been diagnosed, the rest have the condition but are currently untreated. In addition to these numbers there are an estimate 41 million people that are pre-diabetic. Approximately 1 of every 10 healthcare dollars is spent in treatment of diabetes, and still there were 224,092 deaths in 2002 in which diabetes was a contributing factor. It is estimated that there are literally thousands of deaths per year that are not reported simply because the individual had not been diagnosed with diabetes and died of heart disease, hypertension or other chronic conditions.

diabetes can be controlled

The research indicates that diabetes can be controlled with constant monitoring, using medications properly, maintaining and managing weight and routine exercise and good diet choices.

In order to control your diabetes focus on the things that you can control. Remember that sudden changes in weight or activity levels are problematic, so set a reasonable goal and work towards it slowly.

Weight loss of even five to ten pounds can really have a positive effect on managing diabetes. Try to make sure that you eat balanced meals at eat on a schedule. Avoid skipping meals even if you don’t feel particularly hungry, as this will make it harder to portion control at your next meal or to avoid snacks in between.

Remember that weight loss needs to be gradual. Avoid any diets that are “fad” diets or that will cause you to have very rapid weight loss. Usually these diets cannot be maintained and the weight will just come right back.

Set a goal to exercise at least three times a week, with the idea rate being every other day. Exercise can be just a brisk 30-minute walk, cycling, swimming or weightlifting. Research is clearly showing the link between regular physical exercise and decrease in blood sugars, weight gains, and lowering your risk of heart disease or stroke.

Make sure that you have comfortable and well fitting shoes and socks for your activities. Check your feet regularly for any blisters, cuts or sore spots and immediately seek medical assistance if any are noted.

Use the advice of your diabetes support team, doctor, support group, therapist or other professional to help you realistically set goals and outcomes. Controlling your diabetes is an ongoing activity, and you will need to find a level of exercise, food intake and medication that work well for you. Discuss any concerns that you have with your medical professional if they are causing any discomfort. Remember that it is important to get information and notify your health care professional if you are planning to use any diets or exercise programs before you begin. Monitor heart rate or blood pressure when exercising, and avoid working out to exhaustion. Rarely does this accomplish anything other than making you stiff and sore and less likely to exercise in the future.

Karen Newton is a registered nurse and acclaimed author with over 25 years of health care experience. Her newest book, Diabetic Diet Secrets, is an easy to follow guide to losing weight and getting control of your diabetes. Karen offers a free Diabetic Tips Course at http://www.diabeticdietsecrets.com/diabetictips.htm.

Controlling diabetes needs to be done with both medical interventions and personal efforts. Managing your food intake, weight, and levels of exercise will all work together to help control diabetes and minimize your risk of any complications.

Controlling Diabetes in Women

Diabetes is a serious condition in both men and women and care should be taken for all people to control diabetes. Women, however, are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease if they also have diabetes. A recent study by the Colorado Department of Health found that women with diabetes are five times are five times more likely to have cardiovascular disease than women without diabetes. In addition women with diabetes are more likely to suffer from a heart attack or stroke than are men of the same age with diabetes.

The key for women to effectively control their diabetes and minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease includes controlling their blood glucose levels (A1C), blood pressure and cholesterol levels. There are strategies and techniques that women can use to effectively control these three components, which will lead to controlling their diabetes as well.

It is estimated that only a third of all diabetics are treated, the other two thirds are not being treated for the condition.

A1C is the measurement used to indicate blood glucose levels. This is a simple blood test that will measure your glucose levels for the past three months. This test will help your physician with understanding your blood glucose levels (A1C) and to what extend that this measure needs to be decreased.

* Balance your diet over the day.
* Eat carbohydrates in small amounts over the day rather than at one meal.
* Exercise for at least 30 minutes per day. This can be broken down into smaller amounts, but should total to at least 30 minutes. Try simple things to start like walking up the stairs, playing outside with the kids or taking a short walk after each meal.

High blood pressure leads to problems with kidney function, heart attacks, vision, headaches and stroke. To lower blood pressure:

* Eat fresh fruits and vegetables
* Avoid alcohol
* Eliminate tobacco
* Reduce the amount of salt consumed
* Keep your weight in a safe range

The first step to monitoring your cholesterol is to understand what your score is now, and what your doctor recommends that your score should be. If you need to lower your cholesterol try:

* Eat fewer fats. Try broiling or grilling lean meats, eat skinless chicken, fish and turkey on a regular basis. Use low fat or no-fat dairy products as much as possible. Read labels and look for foods that are prepared without fats. Avoid anything deep-fried; try looking for baked items instead.
* Eat fiber daily. Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, oatmeal and lentils are all great sources of fiber. Read package labels to determine what variety or brand offers the most fiber per serving.
* Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day.
* Exercise regularly. Steady exercise like walking, swimming or cycling is great, and some weight lifting or muscle building exercises are also beneficial.

By monitoring your blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure you will help control the risk of cardiovascular disease that is prevalent in women with diabetes. The tips listed above will not only help with the three factors, but will also help make your diabetes more manageable as well.

Diabetes Cure

At this time there is no specific cure for diabetes, but research continues to try to find a way to end this disease, rather than just treating and managing it as is now done. The problem with just treating and controlling diabetes is that it requires constant care, attention, and medications that continue to change over an individual’s life. Many people with diabetes are not treated and may be unaware of the condition. This leads to further complications including kidney disease, circulation problems, cardiovascular disease, vision problems, and elevated heart attack and stroke risk.

Research continues to focus on curing, preventing and managing diabetes. While there are significant advancements in managing and preventing diabetes, it is public knowledge and education that allows people to understand the symptoms of diabetes and prediabetes, and start prevention programs. Since many people are unaware of the symptoms, they don’t use the prevention programs. Many school health programs now offer advice on diet, exercise and lifestyle choices that will reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

In addition to working on prevention and management there is ongoing research to find a cure for diabetes. There are several surgical or medical procedures being tested to cure diabetes, but at this time they are still largely experimental.

Recent advances have been made in the transplantation of islet cells into the body. Islet cells are made up of two types of cells:

* alpha cells, which make glucagon, a hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood * beta cells, which make insulin

It is hoped that the production of insulin in the body with this transplant would eliminate the need for daily injections that type 1 diabetes have to do.

The side effects of this transplant include rejection of the cells by the body and reactions to the immunosuppressive drugs. These side effects are very serious and include mouth sores, intestinal disorders, kidney function impairment and increased risk of cancer and other tumors.

This is the full surgical transplant of the complete pancreas. Usually this procedure is only done if the kidneys are being transplanted as well. Again, there are many complications with the procedure, and the side effects of the immunosuppressive drugs may be more dangerous and risky than the continued injection of insulin. There is a fairly high rate of rejection for this procedure, but progress continues to be made.

There is also a process to implant an artificial pancreas, but this is still in the development phase. Many researchers believe that this will prevent rejection problems once the artificial pancreas is perfected.

This cure for diabetes would allow insulin producing cells to be made out of regular cells by inserting the insulin producing gene. This would avoid the need for invasive surgery and would prevent most of the risks associated with surgical procedures.

While at this time there is not a definite cure for diabetes, the research is ongoing. New advances in genetic and medical practices and research will hopefully result in a cure for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the future.

Exercise and Diabetes During Pregnancy

Current research from the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts, shows that women that were more physically active and exercised on a regular basis prior to becoming pregnant and while pregnant are less likely to develop diabetes during their pregnancy.

Women in the study of over 21,765 individuals that were physically active prior to the pregnancy were 23 percent less likely to develop gestational diabetes. This number is significant in the control and prevention of this condition. In addition to controlling the gestational diabetes there are other health benefits for both the mother and the baby that are identified with a safe and effective exercise program prior to and during pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes occurs in approximately 4% of all pregnant women, and will result in over 135, 000 reported cases of this condition per year. It is not exactly known what causes gestational diabetes, but it is believed that the hormones produced by the placenta prevent the mother’s body from being able to absorb insulin. This insulin resistance may cause the mother to need up to three times as much insulin to have the same metabolic functioning.

Gestational diabetes usually goes away after the baby is born, but once you have had gestational diabetes you have a 2 in 3 chance of having it again in future pregnancies. Gestational diabetes is also a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Gestational diabetes begins late in the pregnancy, after the baby’s body has already formed. The effects of the high levels of insulin in the mother are directly related to the way that the baby begins to produce insulin. Many babies will develop macrosomia, which is a condition that causes the baby to store all the extra sugar as fat, and leads to birthing problems, low blood glucose levels and respiratory problems.

Women that exercised vigorously by walking very briskly, cycling, swimming or other strenuous physical activity were the least likely to develop gestational diabetes. The next level included women that walked briskly for at least 30 minutes per day or climbed the equivalent of 15 flights of stairs per day. This group was 34 percent less likely to develop gestational diabetes than those that walked at an easy pace for the same amount of time. The women tested all had at least one pregnancy between 1990 and 1998. During this time there were 1492 cases of gestational diabetes identified in the study group.

It is interesting to note that women that reported watching TV for more than twenty hours per week were 2.3 times more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those women that reported watching less than 2 hours of TV per week.

These findings serve to underscore the importance of a good physical exercise program prior to and during pregnancy to help control gestational diabetes. Since gestational diabetes can lead to type 2 diabetes, and further incidents of gestational diabetes it is important for women to be aware of these findings.

New Inhalant Diabetes Medication

Pfizer Global Manufacturing has announced that they are planning to hire almost five hundred new employees and invest up to one hundred and seventy million dollars into the development of their new diabetes drug, Exubera.

The unique factor of this diabetes drug is that it will be inhaled through the mouth, rather than requiring the diabetic to inject the insulin into their body. This will, for all purposes, eliminate the need for needles, one of the more difficult aspects of life for millions of diabetics. Not only are the injections painful, but they are always sources of potential infections. The drug companies and medical professionals have given strong indication that there will be an excellent response to the new form of insulin.

This drug is a dry powder human insulin that will be taken into the mouth by the use of an inhaler. Users will inhale the medication prior to eating, and whenever else necessary. This is the first inhalable medication for diabetes that will treat both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in adults. The only diabetics that should not use the medication Exubera are those people with existing lung disease. The reason that adults with lung disease will not be able to use the drug is due to the decrease in lung capacity that is noted in individuals during the clinical trials. Most adults report that the inhaler is very simple and easy to use, and can even be used in public. It is small, weighting only about four ounces and it about the size of an eyeglass case.

There is a slight decrease in lung function noted in those individuals participating in the trial studies. This was estimated to be approximately one percent lung capacity lost per year, however the results were reversed when the drug was discontinued. Most humans over the age of 25 lose about the same amount of lung capacity per year regardless of using the drug.

Type 1 diabetes affects between five to ten percent of all diabetics, and this type of diabetes requires that the individual take insulin to stay alive. These people need to have regular injections throughout their lives, and until now there were few options to get away from this painful routine.

Inhalant insulin will eliminate the need for adults to inject themselves on a daily basis, and will allow them more freedoms and less restrictions due to the conditions that liquid insulin has to be stored under.

Type 2 diabetics cannot manufacture or use insulin that is in the body properly, so they require supplements of insulin. It is estimate that between ninety and ninety-five percent of all diabetics fall into this category. It is also estimated that there are over 200 million diabetics worldwide, and the number is only growing every year.

Products such as Exubera are needed to help diabetics have options on how to manage their type 1 or type 2 diabetes without the need for injections. Adults will now have the option of using the inhalant form of insulin, and research will continue into this much needed form of the drug.

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